Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences

Crisis engineering Strategies for dealing with natural disasters. (Earthquakes as a model)

2025-02-11T12:21:52+03:00

With the increasing occurrence of disasters and emergencies in the world and their increasing risks and negative impacts on humans, buildings, and cities, the concept of crisis Engineering has emerged as a vital field of study that focuses on preparing innovative precautionary designs and developing appropriate solutions to meet the unique challenges posed by this type of disaster with its emphasis on rapid response, adaptability, and cooperation.

With the real attempts provided by crisis engineering to provide solutions to protect people and reduce the damage caused by natural disasters in buildings, roads and spaces, but at the same time, it perpetuates a reactive approach to disasters and crises, therefore, the importance of research highlights the strategies used in global experiences towards natural disasters, especially earthquakes, their consequences and effects, and access to design and planning innovations that would mitigate the impact of natural disasters and ensure rapid recovery and resiliency for affected communities, where research has identified a problem represented by lack of available knowledge about the importance of crisis engineering in recovering from Disasters, crises, and strategies used to enhance the resiliency required in the internal and external spaces of buildings and cities after natural disasters and earthquakes in particular. The research also assumes that crisis engineering and identifying appropriate strategies to deal with natural disasters are of great importance in reducing the effects of these disasters on humans, architecture, and urban design.

Evaluation of joint strength in laser transmission welding of PMMA polymer

2025-02-11T12:21:54+03:00

This study reports on an experimental investigation of laser transmission welding of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) using two different welding path strategies: box and spiral. The influence of laser welding parameters, such as laser power, welding speed, and laser pass number, on the weld strength was investigated by applying Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken Design (BBD) methodology in the design of the experiments. A series of carefully designed tests and evaluations have been used to create mathematical models that show how the responses and the process parameters are related. These sequential analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) approaches were applied also to evaluate the developed models' appropriateness. Tensile tests were conducted after welding to evaluate the effect of the kind of joint and the weld passes on the weld stresses strain curve of the weld joint and its strength. The results showed that high-quality welding was produced under process parameters appear in run number 8 the parameters for this run are (V=10 mm/min, P=20 Watt and one passes number) for the box weld path while for the spiral was shown in run number 4 (V=40 mm/min, P=30 Watt and two passes number).

Using Artificial Neural Networks to Determine Patient Location in the Postoperative Recovery Area

2025-02-11T12:21:55+03:00

This paper considers the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) as a method for determining the location of postoperative recovery area (PACU) patients. It is our hope that these methods, called location determination algorithms, could be used to eventually replace the requirement in postoperative recovery area regulations that patients be placed within line-of-sight of recovery area staff. This change would permit recovery area staff to participate in other activities, such as providing care to additional patients or creating patient preparation for transfer, possibly lowering the cost of postoperative care. Two models have already been described that are based on a similar concept of keeping track of patient flow through a hospital area. These neural networks, after being trained to predict destination based on arrival information, were used to facilitate improving patient flow and to develop a more accurate arrival time estimation model. We present here a proof-of-concept artificial neural network that can accurately determine a patient's location in the postoperative recovery area.

Smart technologies to improve safety procedures in hospitals

2025-02-11T12:21:56+03:00

The research aims to establish the possibilities of using advanced technology to enhance safety and quality in the hospital environment. Hospitals are considered complex and sensitive environments, containing many risks and challenges, which necessitate the activation of safety and health care procedures. As technology advances, we can use artificial intelligence to enhance safety and improve care procedures in hospitals. Artificial intelligence technologies can be used in hospitals to enhance safety and improve health care procedures. Applications of artificial intelligence include early detection of health problems, providing accurate recommendations, and improving safety and protection measures. These technologies enhance the efficiency and overall quality of healthcare in hospitals. The development in smart technologies and their applications has affected all areas of life, and architecture in particular, through its impact on design, implementation and operation, and smart technologies have facilitated their integration with various systems in the building, such as security and safety systems, communications and lighting systems, to give the building the ability to have central control, Accordingly, smart systems are defined as “the integrated technology through which all parts of the building and its infrastructure are communicated and controlled, to provide its occupants with a safe, effective and comfortable environment in various circumstances.

Home Belonging – Between House and neighborhood

2025-02-11T12:21:58+03:00

Residential stability leads to a stronger affiliation with an individual's community, which leads to more pro-social behaviors. Without adequate housing, people cannot be productive members of the community and family. At the local level, Iraqi residents in general, and Al-Baghdadi in particular, have witnessed multiple changes due to various social, economic, and political factors. Many problems have emerged, such as uncomfortable housing. General research questions have arisen: Is the current place of residence of the Iraqi individual, as a case study, his place of belonging? Is it his home?

The research paper aims to investigate the sense of belonging to the house and the neighborhood as a home. The research assumes that belonging to a place of residence, such as a house, a neighborhood, or both, is home for the resident, and that the decline in the sense of belonging towards one of them makes the person feel alienated. The research path begins by explaining the concepts related to the research, such as house, neighborhood, and belonging, developing the research hypothesis, and testing it with residents of houses of different types and styles in a neighborhood. (Palestine Street) as a model of a modernly planned residential neighborhood in Iraq.

The research concluded that the sense of belonging to the neighborhood is the catalyst in the formation of an individual who is proactive, productive, and interactive with society. The Baghdadi house with a modern layout enhances the sense of belonging between the house and its spatial neighborhood, and the modern planning style of the residential neighborhood is an indicator of belonging to the neighborhood physically, but due to lack of social belonging to the neighborhood, the research indicated a decline in the social sustainability of modern residential neighborhoods in Baghdad after 2003.