Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences

Using Solid Waste as A Substitute for Raw Materials in Construction: A Review.

duaa Tawfeeq — 2024-04-16

The main challenge is to protect the environment from future deterioration due to pollution and the lack of natural resources. Therefore, one of the most important things to pay attention to and get rid of its negative impact is solid waste. Solid waste is a double-edged sword according to the way it is dealt with, as neglecting it causes a serious environmental risk from water, air and soil pollution, while dealing with it in the right way makes it an important resource in preserving the environment. Accordingly, the proper management of solid waste and its reuse or recycling is the most important factor. Therefore, attention has been drawn to the use of solid waste in different ways, and the most common way is to use it as an alternative material for raw materials in engineering construction. Countless types of solid waste can be used in different ways and quantities according to the purpose for which they are intended, for example the use of rubber, construction waste, ash and many others. This study discusses the problem of solid waste and methods of its management, in addition to its use with building materials in order to improve their properties and reduce costs.

Formulation of camshaft Dynamic Load Factor under Uniform Acceleration Excitation

Safa Ali Mahmood — 2024-04-16

Due to their importance in many mechanical application, Cams was the subject of many researches regarding the improvement strength to withstand dynamic contact stresses and wear based on cam geometry modifications and follower variables. This work assesses the effect of harmonic cam variables on the induced dynamic forces and camshaft dynamic load factor. The equation of motion is formulated based on Newton's second law taking into account the geometry of cam lobe and follower motion to evaluate the dynamic contact force during the course of action in terms of camshaft angular speed and time. Theoretical analysis contains two parts these are; the evaluation of static and dynamic contact stresses based on Hertz and dynamic load factor formulation for single element camshaft as a continuous simply supported beam based on Euler- Bernoulli beam theory. FEM has been adopted to simulate the static and dynamic contact stresses and dynamic deflection for multi elements camshaft and to verify the result of theoretical solution. Results show that the increasing of damping ration and spring stiffness has appositive effect on dynamic load factor reduction while the increasing of follower mass has negative effect on dynamic load factor reduction

Applied the Indicators of Green Buildings in Educational Hospitals in Iraq

nada NAZAR mohamed — 2024-04-16

Achieving High Quality in the Indoor Environment of the Educational Hospital is the task of
the architect with the application of Sustainability and Green Building Standards. Where the Principles of
Green Buildings swept all Hospital buildings to achieve the High Quality of the Internal Environment
through: (Thermal Comfort, Acoustic Comfort, Natural Ventilation, Cleanliness, and Waste Disposal) for
patients and their families to enjoy high health, and for the purpose of enjoying time inside the hospital
building, and get a faster recovery, So the Research Problem grow up from : lake of knowledge about the
elements of Quality in Internal Environment in Educational Hospitals (applied the elements of green
hospitals ,As the Research aims to examine the quality of the internal environment (green hospital elements)
in Educational hospitals, The Research followed the Descriptive Approach in determining the Basic
indicators of Green buildings and for the purpose of applying the practical study included . The selection of
two Educational hospitals in Baghdad to test the extent of application of the principles of the green building
on them, and the research includes sixr axes starting with the first axis and includes the introduction, the
importance of research, the research problem, second axis reviewing previous literature, While the third
axis includes definitions: green building, sustainability, The relationship between sustainability and the
green building, green hospital, while The fourth axis includes sustainability standards and global green
buildings : BREEM, LED, PERAL BEADS and quality indicators for each, and the five axis includes the
practical study, and Al-Karama Educational Hospital and Al-Kindi Educational Hospital were elected
through the application of the theoretical framework indicators and collecting information about them, and
the six axis show results and recommendations of the research were: Achieving the Green Hospital
(Environmental Sustainability): 31.1% for Karama Educational Hospital and 45.7% for Al-Kindi
Educational Hospital. The research concluded: the need to increase efforts to achieve the elements of the
green hospital, especially those related to environmental sustainability in Educational Hospitals.

Nanoparticles Coatings to Reduce Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Artificial Seawater

Douaa Aied Abdullah — 2024-04-16

Nanoparticles of Titania, Alumina, and Zirconia coatings were used on carbon steel specimens using the atomization method. An airbrush was used with nitrogen gas to coat nanoparticles on carbon steel surfaces. The coatings percentage include 100% nano TiO2, 50% nano TiO2 – 50% nano Al2O3and 50% nano TiO2– 50% nano ZrO2. The FESEM was used in this experiment. The particle size ranged from (28.42 - 44.31) nm, (34.77 - 47.15) nm, and (34.51 - 51.46) nm for titania, titania-alumina, and titania-zirconia coating, respectively. Furthermore, EDS analysis indicates that the highest percent of Fe was in titania coating compared with alumina and zirconia, others metals such as C, Si, and N appear because they present in the composition of carbon steel. Ti was recorded as 4.9, 23.4 and 29.26 wt% for coating by titania, titania-alumina and titania-zirconia respectively. The corrosion test on specimens was performed. It showed that the potential–time measurement for uncoated and coated carbon steel which recorded (Eoc) value of -0.6 V for uncoated sample, whereas the (Eoc) value was -0.313 V, -0.568 V and -0.572 V for coating by Titania, Titania-Alumina and Titania-Zirconia materials respectively.polarization curve for titania coated carbon steel indicating the lower corrosion rate while the Titania-Zirconia coated C.S gave the highest corrosion rate of 2.511 mm/y followed by Titania-Alumina coating to give 2.187 mm/y compared with the rate of uncoated C.S sample which recorded 0.721 mm/y

Elements of interior courtyard design as an interactive space in Islamic architecture

Farah abd al ridha abbouad — 2024-04-16

Islamic architecture is one of the greatest architectural civilizations in history, distinguished by its innovative and distinctive use of the courtyard as a crucial feature in building design. The courtyard was a focus for social gathering and interaction among people in Islamic architecture, and it played an important role in establishing an interactive and functioning environment. The courtyard functioned as an area to provide air and light, as well as a place for observation and seclusion. Many interior rooms struggle to adequately use the inner courtyard as an engaging place that provides a delightful and intriguing user experience, so the interior design may be insufficiently suitable or imaginative to turn the inner courtyard into a location that promotes contact and active involvement, as a result, the research problem emerged with insufficient knowledge about the mechanism of transforming the courtyard into an interactive space in architecture in general and Islamic architecture in particular, so there has become an urgent need to study the subject of courtyard design as an interactive space in Islamic architecture, as it works to develop the principles of interactive interior design and guide designers in achieving an interactive experience. The research aimed to provide knowledge of the methods of designing the inner courtyard as an interactive space in architecture in general, and Islamic architecture in particular. To accomplish this, the study used the analytical historical method, first presenting the basic cognitive aspects of the inner courtyard as an important element in architecture throughout the ages, then developing a theoretical framework to develop a set of indicators that aid in the discovery of ways to transform the courtyard into an interactive space. The most notable findings of the study are: identifying the design factors influencing the transformation of the inner courtyard into an interactive space, such as orientation, measurements, materials and their decorative potential, interior element distribution, and color and lighting use.

The potentials of colored solar systems using high-efficiency Kromatic glass technology in promotion the formating and aesthetic aspects of building facades

Aseel Mahdi Ali — 2024-04-16

The concept of sustainable development emerged due to the close relationship between the environment and the concept of development, requiring a focus on environmental protection. Renewable energy is a key element in safeguarding the environment, with solar energy being the largest and most important source of renewable energy. Solar systems are a means of directly generating electricity and heat from the sun's energy when integrated into buildings, thus meeting all the energy needs of the structure. However, a challenge arises in separating solar systems from architectural aesthetics and relationships, as they are often seen solely as energy-generating tools without any architectural value.

To address this issue, colored solar systems, particularly those employing chromatic glass technology, have been introduced, possessing limitless architectural potential. Consequently, a research problem has emerged Consequently, research problem has emerged concerning the absence of scientific knowledge about the effect of using colored solar systems using chromatic glass technology on enhancing the possibility of sustainable formation of building facades. Therefore, the research aims were to provide knowledge of the extent to which sustainable architectural formation was achieved using colored solar systems using chromatix glass technology. To achieve the research goal, a comparative analytical approach was used, and indicators derived from the theoretical framework were applied to selected research samples to understand the concept of architectural design and its relationship to sustainable development strategies. Subsequently, the research concept related to sustainable architectural design was defined. Following this, focus was placed on architectural design using colored solar systems. The key conclusions drawn from the research include: Understanding the potential of shaping photovoltaic chromatic glass units helps the designer achieve a balance between energy demand and aesthetics in building facades. Photovoltaic chromatic glass units contribute to environmental conservation as they are manufactured from natural, non-polluting materials and generate energy at high rates. They are also known for their durability and resistance to weather conditions, requiring minimal maintenance. Moreover, their range of colors adds dynamism and vitality to the building facade, thus achieving a harmonious blend of aesthetics and sustainability through the architectural integration of colorful photovoltaic chromatic glass cells in facades

Keywords: Chromatic glass technology, colored solar systems, sustainable design, building facades.