Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences

A Developing digital geotechnical maps using GIS Techniques (Review)

alaa Dawood Almurshedi — 2024-09-30

The New software's that are used to collect and display data, analyze, process and produce maps, which is commonly used is the Geographic Information Systems program. It is a computer-based system that works to collect, maintain, store, analyses, output and distribute spatial data and information. These systems work to collect, enter, process, analyze, display and output spatial information. And descriptive, for specific goals, and helps in planning and decision-making with regard to agriculture, city planning, and housing expansion, in addition to reading the infrastructure of any city. This system enables us to enter geographical information (maps, aerial photographs, satellite visuals) and descriptive information (names, tables) and process it. (Correcting them from errors), storing them, retrieving them, inquiring about them, analyzing them spatially and statistically, and displaying them on a computer screen or on paper in the form of maps, reports, and graphs. This research aims to review previous studies according to which researchers produced different maps of all soil properties using geographic information systems and GPS systems. Investigators and construction workers work together to better understand the different soil layers and determine which layers of soil are most suitable for a structural foundation

EVALUATION OF AN IRRIGATION PROJECT; A CASE STUDY THE MAIN CANAL PART OF Al KHACHIYA IRRIGATION PROECT

OTHMAN T. TUMAN — 2024-09-30

Due to the fact that Iraq is one of the most affected countries, the increase in population growth and the detrimental effects of global warming, along with the neighboring countries' exploitation of transboundary rivers, have resulted in severe water resource shortages and detrimental effects on the environment, society, and economy. One of the most significant projects is the Al Khachiya Irrigation Project, which is extended 55 kilometers to the left of the Tigris River in the Iraqi province of Wasit. It serves an area of roughly 55.8 km². We chose three fields A1, A2, and A3 to assess the Al Khachiya Irrigation Project. The C10 Canal, which is 18.9 km in length and designed to pass an estimated 19.5m³/s, is a component of the Al Khachiya Irrigation Project. A few specifically selected performance measures, such as the effectiveness of water application, storage, and distribution, water conveyance, and overall canal efficiency, were used to evaluate the C10 Canal. The C10 Canal is being evaluated using the A2, A3 fields.The average water application efficiency for the A2 and A3 fields, according to the results is 37.09 % and 46.45 % respectively. In other words, farmers utilize more water than is actually needed. Water storage efficiency is 67.94% and 53.13% for fields A2 and A3 respectively, on average. Moreover, the water distribution efficiency is approximately 92.29% for A2 field and 91.05% for A3 field. According to field measurements, the water conveyance efficiency of C10 Canal is 93.62 %, cracks are observed in some lining boards of C10 canal, which affected the convenience efficiency. The overall efficiency of C10 Canal is 35.85%. The results of evaluation showed that more losses of water were caused by inefficient use, longer operating hours, and a lack of knowledge and expertise among farmers regarding water management.

Interactive Design of Pediatric Hospital Spaces

aws faris Al-Baghdadi — 2024-09-30

The goal of this research is to examine at the practical and aesthetic effectiveness of interactive rooms in hospitals for children. The project investigates if interactive design may help with the interior design of hospital waiting rooms and associated operating operations.The project makes use of a descriptive design for New Lady Cilento Children's Hospital in Brisbane, Australia. The results revealed that employing an interactive design provides the highest degree of solutions in the model for unforeseen future events. The use of an interactive design also fulfilled the area's primary goal of waiting, but not in terms of isolation from other medical rooms and the outside world. Finally, interactive Factors were employed in the settings, resulting in interactive furniture

A Study in Preserving Cultural Heritage Using Portable Laser Devices Embedded in Mobile Phones

AHMED ADNAN MOHSIN — 2024-09-30

There is a need for more documentation and quantitative data on architectural and cultural objects, especially considering the deteriorating condition of certain historical assets and the required treatments for them. In this circumstance, it is crucial to have metric documentation of the history being investigated in order to comprehensively comprehend the asset and aid engineers and architects in the restoration process. 3D data acquisition technologies, such as the photogrammetric approach, are frequently associated with high costs. Alternatively, it may necessitate a significant investment of both time and effort, prompting users to explore cost-effective solutions that nevertheless allow them to achieve their desired levels of precision. Recently, geomatic equipment and processes have been developed to optimize efficiency and cost-effectiveness in surveying cultural assets. Apple has incorporated a LiDAR sensor into its products, enabling the creation of a three-dimensional representation of objects or locations. This project aims to assess the precision and practicality of this sensor in generating three-dimensional depictions of cultural artifacts. The study explores the capacity of iPhone lidar (IPL) to aid in the conservation of cultural heritage, examines potential barriers and difficulties that may develop, and evaluates its effectiveness in certain areas. To assess the accuracy of each technique, a scan was performed on the case study utilizing Close Range Photogrammetric (CRP) & iPhone 13 pro max, with confirmed artificial targets monitored by Total Station (TS). The results indicated that the root mean square error (RMSE) for IPL was 8mm, whereas for TLS it was 3mm. The lidar sensor has rapid scanning capabilities at a relatively cheap expense while maintaining an acceptable level of precision. However, it should not be regarded as a replacement for TLS, as the latter is an indispensable instrument for collecting data over wider distances. The causes for this are the sensor's precision, its ability to cover vertical space, and its restricted range, which is capped at a maximum of 5 meters. The sensor's specification is expected to undergo additional improvements and advancements, despite these limitations. A crucial tool for collecting data over extensive regions.

Supervised Machine Learning for Speaker Diarization by PNCC with LPCC Audio Coefficients

Hasan M. Kadhim — 2024-10-21

Speaker Diarization is a speech digital signal processing technique that segregates one input observation of n multi-speaker signal into an individual speech of those n persons. Each segregated signal belongs to one of them plus a little bit of error which is speech that belongs to other speakers. The format of that speech is a dialog because they speak non-simultaneously (dialog). Using Speaker diarization algorithms, audio features are extracted from the standard TIMIT databases of speech. This extraction is the Training Stage of Machine Learning. The second Classification Stage can then decide how to divide these features into n groups. Linear Prediction Cepstral Coefficients (LPCC) and Power-Normalized Cepstral Coefficients (PNCC) are used independently to generate their features. In this paper, the researchers re-combinate these LPCC and PNCC features to form a new mixture of features. Modified Euclidian distance facilitates the job of measuring distances to identify who is the nearest label. Because PNCC is a non-inversible transformation, a small frame at the center of a large windowed frame has been regarded (because it has reasonable weight) to obtain original speech signals. The procedure was efficient for clustering a mixture of two speaker signals, female and male from the TIMIT standard audio library, i.e., successfully recovered each person's individual speech. The average Diarization Error Rate (DER) objective tests of the recovered speech were 1.8% for the females, 2.9% for the males, and 2.5% for the overall females and males. Compared with other standard researches, the improvements were 6.5% for the females, 10% for the males, and 8.8% for all females and males.

The Concept of Constants and Variables in Islamic Architecture: An Analysis of Renewable Elements and Established Aspects in Architectural Configuration

Naqa N. Khadier — 2024-10-21

The Islamic architecture reflects one of the greatest cultural and artistic expressions in the world, embodying the beliefs and values of Islamic societies throughout the ages. This artistic field is characterized by diversity and evolution over time, as it merges steadfast values and traditions with contemporary techniques and changes. This balance is evident in the ornaments and architectural patterns that distinguish Islamic architecture and represent its unique identity.

The concept of constants and variables plays a pivotal role in the evolution of this unique artistic field. The interaction between the fixed and variable elements illustrates how Islamic architecture can preserve its fixed elements, such as religious values, customs, and traditions, while allowing for renewal and development over time. This dynamic interaction reflects the impact of changing factors and temporal alterations on Islamic architecture.

This research aims to explore the history of Islamic architecture and the influence of constants and variables in shaping it. The research provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of ornaments and architectural styles across the ages, revealing its capacity for renewal without losing its identity. Furthermore, the study delves into how Islamic architecture accommodates modern technology and develops its designs and construction materials.

Through this research, we anticipate contributing to documenting and understanding Islamic architecture as a unique cultural phenomenon that represents the relationship between constants and variables. It will shed light on creativity and diversity in architectural design and ornamentation, highlighting the pivotal role of Islamic architecture in the cultural and artistic heritage of the world.

Studying the Magnetic properties of Ferromagnetic Lattice using Ising Model

Mohammad Haytham Alshimali — 2024-10-21

In this research, the 2-dimensional Ising system was studied using a Monte-Carlo simulation based on the Metropolis Algorithm. A system
of 2500 spins in a square lattice was simulated at varying temperatures and magnetic fields to obtain the critical temperature. Furthermore, the
magnetisation and energy per spin and specific heat and magnetic susceptibility were determined as function of temperature. Lastly, the effect of
a magnetic field on the magnetisation of the system was studied.