Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences

Review of Groundwater Treatment for Agricultural Uses

sundus muslim hussein, hussein shakir albahrani — Fri, 14 Nov 2025 10:29:14 +0300

This research underscores the significance of groundwater as a vital resource for agriculture, highlighting the challenges related to its contamination and the potential environmental impacts.A comprehensive overview of innovative groundwater treatment technologies is provided, including physical techniques such as filtration, chemical techniques such as advanced oxidation, and anaerobic biological techniques such as reductive biology. Adsorption techniques and male air flotation (DAF) techniques were also reviewed as effective methods for improving the quality of treated water.

In addition, previous global and local studies were discussed to highlight experiences and innovations in the field of groundwater treatment and management for agricultural uses, which contributes to enhancing our understanding and application of effective and sustainable solutions in this vital field. This summary highlights the research And recent innovations in the field of processing Sustainable management of groundwater, which enhances

It is important to move towards innovative and effective solutions To improve and maintain agricultural water quality the environment.

Evaluation of Water Quality Index in The Euphrates River, Iraq: By Using the Weighted Arithmetic Method

haneen mahdi musa, Hussein Al-madany — Fri, 14 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0300

ABSTRACT -Water is the world most significant natural resource. It is a necessary component in the survival of all forms of life. A variety of pollutants, mostly from wastes discharged into the river, pose a challenge to the Iraqi Euphrates River. Effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants are a significant source of contamination to the river, although industrial effluents and farmland drainage also contribute significantly. Water contamination is a severe problem for human health and the environment. In this study the branch of Shatt Al-Kufa from the Euphrates River in the Kufa city was selected as a case study. “The twelve water quality parameters of pH, Turbidity (Turb.), Dissolved oxygen (DO), Alkalinity (Alk.), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Hardness (T.H), Calcium (Ca⁺²), Magnesium (Mg⁺²), Sodium (Na⁺), Potassium (K⁺⁾, Chlorides (Cl^-1) and Sulphate (SO⁴)” were studied over a period of six months (July to December 2023) This study aims to evaluate the water quality of Shatt al-Kufa for drinking use, for this purpose, the water quality index was applied. The Results of the overall WQI according to the Weighted Arithmetic Method were categorized as good at kufa and manathera stations (90.79and 96.073) respectively. High turbidity and SO4 concentrations were the primary factors that reduced the water quality index at two of the stations, according to the results

Using Sustainable Technique To Recycle Waste Paper In Academic Institutions

Mustafa M. Mansour, Haider Sami Salman — Fri, 14 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0300

It has been clearly demonstrated that it would be feasible to consider recycling paper in an academic institution. This can be achieved through combining specific waste paper baskets, a pulping machine and power supplied by a renewable energy source, with an already established local paper making company. The paper making company would be able to gain a subsidy from the government which pays them to actually recycle paper, to counteract the cost of the pulped paper which is 30% more expensive than raw wood pulp. The academic institution would save money on waste disposal and decrease its carbon footprint by 600% with savings of up to around 5-6 tons of CO2 per year, instead of the 1-2 tones carbon offset for just recycling the paper normally. This entire process could be adapted for recycling the vast quantities of waste paper produced by students, an initiative which often fails due to the high cost of disposal. This could be achieved through urged use of the same paper disposal methods already in use, with the paper being collected and pulped once a week directly from the student paper waste bins.

Effect of Gates Operation on Maximum Scour Downstream of Kahlaa Regulator

Hadi Ameer Abbas, Hayder Q. Majeed — Fri, 14 Nov 2025 11:04:18 +0300

Regulators and other hydraulic structures are crucial for managing flow in open channels. Unpredictable scour patterns are produced when such structures' gates are operated improperly. The purpose of the study is to look into the optimal functioning of the Al-Kahlaa Regulator's gates in Iraq, focusing on sediment movement and sedimentation issues. In this research, Flow-3D software, specifically the turbulent RNG model, was used to simulate water flow and sediment scour theory to simulate sediment movement under different flow conditions and gate opening options. According to the study, the number of open gates and how they are operated have a big impact on how scour develops downstream of the regulator. The maximum scour depth value was recorded when one gate was opened, which was 13-times more compared to the case when all gates were opened for the flow rate of 125 m³/s. On the other hand, in case of one gate was opened the maximum scour depth was recorded at 2.05 m when the rate of flow was 50 m³/s and 3 m at 200 m³/s, equivalent to 1.5 times increase. In general, the maximum scour depth downstream of the regulator decreases as the number of open gates increases.

Human space in a sustainable urban context

basma mohammed Yaseen, Ghada Musa Rasoqi — Fri, 14 Nov 2025 11:09:34 +0300

the study explores the meaning of human space within its associated urban context. It raises the question of the nature of urban components within these spaces, which are described as "human", what are the characteristics of urban spaces called human, the nature of the connection of human space with the sustainable urban context and the impact of this context on the characteristics of urban space in general and the characteristic of humanity in particular. The study starts from the basis of the meaning of urban space, as it is a basis for understanding the meaning of the urban context, the role of human and their activities, motivating activities and continuing their organisation within the urban space with its human components and urban context, on which the research focuses. The urban space within the
area represented by Alumah Square was chosen as a study case for the application of the extracted indicators of the physical and human qualities of urban space and the components of the sustainability of the urban context supporting urban sustainability, which achieve the meaning of the humanity of urban space by motivaiting the establishment of activities and community participation by people inside the space.